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Lubricant, as the "blood" of mechanical equipment, its performance is directly related to the operating efficiency and service life of the equipment. Lubricants are usually composed of base oil and additives. The base oil provides the basic properties of the lubricant, while the additives are used to make up for and enhance the performance of the base oil, and even give the lubricant some new properties. Below, we will take a deeper look at the types of lubricant additives and their important roles.
Lubricant additives are a class of compounds added to lubricants. They are used to improve the performance of lubricants or provide additional functions.
There are many types of lubricant additives, mainly including:
1. Detergent dispersant: This type of additive can keep the engine clean, prevent the formation of carbon deposits, varnish or sludge, and maintain the health of the engine through acid neutralization, solubilization, dispersion and washing.
2. Antioxidant preservatives: They can inhibit the oxidation process of lubricants and improve the oxidation stability of oil products. They are mainly used in industrial lubricants and internal combustion engines.
3. Extreme pressure anti-wear agent: Under high friction temperature, this type of additive can react with metal to form a protective film to prevent metal surface bite and welding. It is mainly used in industrial gear oil, hydraulic oil, etc.
4. Oiliness agent: Oiliness agent reduces friction and wear by forming a protective film on the metal surface, thereby improving the lubricity of lubricating oil.
5. Viscosity index improver: This type of additive can increase the viscosity of lubricating oil and improve its temperature characteristics, so that the lubricating oil can maintain a suitable viscosity at different temperatures.
6. Rust inhibitor: Form a protective film on the metal surface to isolate oxygen and moisture and prevent metal from rusting.
7. Pour point depressant: Reduce the pour point of lubricating oil to ensure good fluidity in low temperature environment.
8. Defoamer: Reduce the foam generated by lubricating oil during stirring, prevent foam from affecting the formation of lubricating oil film and accelerating oil oxidation.
9. Dye: Dye is mainly used to identify different types of lubricating oil, and as a marketing tool to show the high quality of lubricating oil.
10. Alkaline additives: neutralize the acidic substances produced during the combustion process and protect engine parts from corrosion.
11. EP additives: protect metal surfaces under extreme pressure to prevent melting, corrosion and wear.
12. Emulsifiers: make the water in the lubricating oil form a stable emulsion to prevent the water from corrosive reaction with the metal.
With the continuous advancement of industrial technology, modern equipment has higher and higher requirements for lubricating oils, and additives play an irreplaceable role in improving the performance of lubricating oils. They can not only meet the needs of high-speed, high-performance, high-automation, high-efficiency and long-life equipment, but also provide customized improvement solutions for lubricating oils according to different working conditions and environmental conditions. Therefore, understanding and rational use of lubricating oil additives is essential to ensure the optimal operation of equipment and extend its service life.
